Ken Browne - Sociology for AS AQA
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Multiple choice quiz 6
Which
three
of the following types of secondary school making up the tripartite system were established in 1944, for which pupils were selected by the 11+ exam?
a) Technical schools, Grammar schools & City academies
b) Grammar schools, City academies & Comprehensive schools
c) City academies, Comprehensive schools & Specialist schools
d) Comprehensive schools, Specialist schools & Secondary modern schools
e) Specialist schools, Secondary modern schools & Technical schools
f) Secondary modern schools, Technical schools & Grammar schools
A comprehensive school is best described as:
a) a school for those who have failed to win a place at a grammar school
b) a school which specializes in certain subjects
c) a school which admits pupils of all abilities without any selection by exam
Which
two
of the following are arguments in favour of comprehensive schooling and against selection by ability in education?
1) It benefits late developers - those whose intelligence and ability improve when they are a bit older than others
2) ‘High flyers’ are held back by the slower pace of learning
3) Individual talents can be overlooked and not developed
4) Children avoid being labelled as failures at an early age
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Equality of educational opportunity means:
a) every child should do equally well in education
b) education should help the poorest children to succeed in society
c) every child should have an equal chance of doing as well in education as his or her ability will allow
A society in which an individual’s status is based on their talents, abilities, qualifications and skills is:
a) democratic
b) meritocratic
c) comprehensive
d) opportunistic
The marketization of education refers to:
a) state schools being sold off to private companies
b) schools selling their services to students
c) the introduction of more competition and consumer choice into the education system
Emphasizing the role of education in meeting the needs of industry and preparing young people for work is known as:
a) vocational education
b) further education
c) key skills
Which
one
of the following changes in education was not based on the idea of introducing competition for students between schools and colleges?
a) Local management of schools, with schools managing their own budgets
b) Parents choosing a school for their children
c) League tables of test and exam results
d) The national curriculum
Which of the following statements on the changes in education over the last twenty years are false?
1) They gave extra benefits to the already advantaged middle class
2) They widened social divisions between the educational achievements of middle-class and working-class children
3) League tables show how well a school or college is really doing
4) The needs of weaker students are more likely to be neglected
5) Vocational education now has the same status as traditional academic subjects and courses
6) They have made it harder for schools and colleges in the poorest areas to improve
7) They may have encouraged a ‘dumbing down’ of teaching and subject content
8) They improved the opportunities for the most disadvantaged in society
a) 1, 2 & 4
b) 2, 3 & 7
c) 3, 5 & 8
d) 4, 5 & 6
e) 6, 7 & 8
With which
three
of the following statements would functionalists agree?
1) Education builds social solidarity by promoting shared values
2) Education reinforces and reproduces existing social inequalities
3) Education selects pupils for their future work on a meritocratic basis
4) Schools are a ‘society in miniature’ preparing young people for life in wider adult society
5) Education socializes people into acceptance of ruling class ideology
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 1, 3 & 4
c) 2, 3 & 4
d) 2, 4 & 5
e) 3, 4 & 5
With which
three
of the following statements would Marxists agree?
1) Education simply reproduces class of origin as class of destination
2) Education socializes people into conforming to the rules of the dominant social class in society
3) Education unites people together by giving them shared values and a shared culture
4) The main factors affecting success and failure in education are ability and hard work
5) Education is mainly concerned with passing on ruling class ideology
a) 1, 2 & 5
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 2, 3 & 5
d) 2, 4 & 5
e) 3, 4 & 5
Which
three
of the following are
not
part of the ‘hidden curriculum’ in a school or college?
a) An AS level sociology course, teacher stereotypes & school rules
b) Teacher stereotypes, acceptance of teachers’ authority & streaming by ability
c) School rules, the national curriculum & citizenship courses
d) Citizenship courses, AS level sociology course & the national curriculum
Which
three
of the following statements form part of Bowles and Gintis’s view of the correspondence between the hidden curriculum at school and social relations at the workplace?
1) There is a close relationship between different streams and bands at school and job levels in employment
2) Schooling operates in the long shadow of work
3) Cooperation in school encourages cooperation between workers
4) There is a close relationship between rules in the school and those in the family
5) Students learn through their lack of power at school to accept their lack of power at work
a) 1, 2 & 5
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 2, 3 & 5
d) 2, 4 & 5
e) 3, 4 & 5
Which term below is used by Marxists to refer to the explanation of inequality so it appears fair and just?
a) Social justification
b) Social reproduction
c) Dominant ideology
d) Legitimation
For which one of the reasons below, according to Willis, did ‘the lads’ develop an anti-school sub-culture?
a) They had parents who thought education was a waste of time
b) They were victims of the self-fulfilling prophecy and teacher stereotyping
c) They were no good at schoolwork and therefore hated school
d) They identified with male manual work after school and this encouraged them to adopt an anti-school view and have a laugh at teachers’ expense
e) They weren’t bright enough to get any qualifications
Which of the following statements on functionalist and Marxist views of education are true?
1) They both see the education system as a powerful influence on students in ensuring social conformity
2) They both see the education system reproducing class of origin as class of destination
3) They both focus on the role of education in relation to other social institutions
4) They both give too much emphasis to the role of education in forming students’ identities at the expense of other agencies of socialization
5) They both recognize the importance of the hidden curriculum in schooling
6) They both recognize that the education system mainly sorts people for their future lives on the basis of ability and hard work
a) 1, 2, 3 & 5
b) 1, 3, 4 & 5
c) 2, 3 & 5
d) 2, 4 & 5
e) 3 & 4
Underachievement in education refers to:
a) students achieving less than they used to do in the past
b) students achieving less than teachers think they should
c) students achieving less than other students
d) students achieving less than their talents and abilities suggest they should
Which
three
of the following are material factors contributing to the underachievement of the working class in education?
a) Poor housing conditions, parents’ attitude to education & inadequate language skills
b) Parents’ attitudes to education, lack of cultural capital and low family income
c) Inadequate language skills, low family income and hidden costs of schooling
d) Low family income, hidden costs of schooling & poor housing conditions
Deferred gratification is:
a) putting off present pleasures for future gains
b) getting a practical skill rather than educational qualifications
c) a focus on the present rather than the future
Which
three
of the following values found in social class subcultures have been identified by Hyman and Sugarman as obstacles to students’ progress in education?
a) Fatalism, deferred gratification & future orientation
b) Deferred gratification, future orientation & collectivism/group loyalty
c) Collectivism/group loyalty, immediate gratification & fatalism
d) Future orientation, immediate gratification & fatalism
Which
one
of the following statements correctly describes a reason Bernstein gave to explain working-class underachievement in education?
a) Working-class children can’t spell or use proper grammar
b) The working class use an incorrect form of English called the restricted code
c) The working class aren’t familiar with using the elaborated code which is needed for success in schooling
Which
one
of the following is a definition of cultural capital?
a) Possession of cultural features that provide an advantage in a middle-class-dominated education system
b) Possession of enough money to enable parents to send their children to private schools
c) Possession of social networks of influence and support that enable parents to get their children into the best schools
Which
two
of the following are examples of the culture clash in education?
1) Parents not being familiar with the choice of subject options their children are expected to make at school
2) Children not being familiar with the kind of language they’re expected to use in the classroom
3) Children not being familiar at home with the type of books or the reading and writing they find they have to do at school
4) Children not having the money to buy a computer to use at home to help them with school work
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
three
of the following refer to the provision of extra educational help for those coming from disadvantaged groups?
a) Positive discrimination, pupil reintegration units & comprehensive education
b) Pupil reintegration units, comprehensive education, compensatory education
c) Comprehensive education, compensatory education & Excellence in Cities Action Zones
d) Compensatory education, Excellence in Cities Action Zones & positive discrimination
According to Rutter, which one of the following is
not
a feature of a good school?
a) Teachers emphasizing discipline and punishment
b) Teachers treating pupils as responsible people
c) Teachers setting examples of good behaviour
d) Teachers encouraging mixed-ability class groups
e) Teachers emphasizing praise and reward
Which
four
of the following do interactionists refer to in explaining underachievement in education?
1) The halo effect
2) Resources in schools, like money and equipment
3) Material circumstances of the home
4) Teacher stereotyping
5) The self-fulfilling prophecy
6) The anti-school sub-culture
a) 1, 2, 3 & 4
b) 1, 2, 3 & 5
c) 1, 2, 4 & 6
d) 1, 4, 5 & 6
e) 2, 3, 4 & 5
Which
one
of the following best describes the self-fulfilling prophecy?
a) Students feeling themselves to be failures and so they give up trying at school
b) Parents having no interest in education, leading their children to fail in education
c) Teachers discriminating against less able students
d) Teachers communicating their impressions of students’ ability, with students performing accordingly
Which of the following statements about the performance of girls and boys in education are true?
1) Girls now outperform boys in every subject studied at school
2) Male and female subject choices are influenced by whether the subjects are seen as masculine or feminine
3) Boys do better in coursework than girls
4) The improved performance of girls is due to growing awareness of equal opportunities issues in schools
5) Boys work harder and are better motivated than girls
6) Although girls are doing better than boys at school, they still face obstacles to achieving their full potential
7) Girls overestimate their ability and boys underestimate theirs
8) Boys do less well than girls in education because there is an anti-learning subculture in some male peer groups
9) Girls are now less likely to give higher priority to getting educational qualifications and careers than settling down with a husband and family
10) Changing roles in the labour market and the family have created a male 'identity crisis' affecting the performance of boys
a) None of them
b) All of the even-numbered statements
c) All of the odd-numbered statements
d) 1, 3, 4, 6 & 7
e) 2, 3, 5, 9 & 10
f) All of them
Which of the following statements about ethnicity and education are true?
1) Indian Asian boys are the most likely to be permanently excluded from school
2) All minority ethnic groups do badly at school
3) Some of the explanations for the underachievement of some minority ethnic groups are similar to those explaining working-class underachievement
4) Language difficulties are the main reason for the underachievement of minority ethnic students
5) Ethnic minority parents have little involvement with their children’s education
6) Racism may create low self-esteem and a hostility to schooling among black students
7) African-Caribbeans are more likely to be labelled as trouble-makers by teachers than other ethnic groups
8) The curriculum in UK schools neglects white British culture and gives too much emphasis to ethnic minority cultures
a) 1
b) 2 & 4
c) 3, 6 & 7
d) 3, 4, 5 & 8
e) 4, 6, 7 & 8
Which one of the following terms refers to a view of the world in which other cultures are seen through the eyes of one’s own culture, with a devaluing of the others?
a) Ethnicity
b) Multiculturalism
c) Ethnocentrism
d) Particularism
